Indomethacin

Luo L, et al. Pathology - Research and Practice, 2026, 279, 156377.

Indomethacin was experimentally evaluated for its therapeutic potential in acute pancreatitis (AP) using both in vivo and in vitro models. A cerulein-induced AP mouse model was established to assess pancreatic injury, where indomethacin was administered prior to and during cerulein challenge. Pancreatic tissues were collected for histopathological scoring, while serum amylase and lipase levels were quantified to evaluate exocrine dysfunction. In parallel, AR42J pancreatic acinar cells were treated with cerulein in the presence or absence of indomethacin to investigate cytotoxicity and autophagic activity. Autophagic flux was assessed through LC3-II accumulation, p62 degradation, and transmission electron microscopy. Transcriptomic analysis and pathway enrichment identified AMPK signaling as a key regulatory axis. Pharmacological inhibition using chloroquine and Compound C was employed to validate the dependence on autophagy and AMPK activation. These experimental approaches demonstrate indomethacin's direct application as a modulator of autophagy in AP research models.

Dos Santos VAB, et al. Archives of Oral Biology, 2026, 182, 106456.

This case study highlights the experimental application of indomethacin in the preparation of polymeric nanocapsules designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules were synthesized using a modified emulsion-diffusion method. Briefly, mutually saturated ultrapure water and ethyl acetate phases were prepared. Polyvinyl alcohol (2.5%) was dissolved in the aqueous phase, while indomethacin, poly(ε-caprolactone) (2%), and omega-3 fatty acids were co-dissolved in the organic phase. The two phases were emulsified via ultrasonication under controlled amplitude and pulse conditions to generate a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Subsequent diffusion was induced by dropwise addition of excess water, followed by solvent removal under reduced pressure. Polarized light microscopy confirmed the absence of indomethacin crystallization, indicating successful molecular encapsulation. This method demonstrates the suitability of indomethacin for incorporation into nanocarrier systems through precisely controlled formulation processes.

Raje V, et al. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2026, 687, 126405.

This case study describes the experimental application of indomethacin in developing an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) using the acid-base supersolubilization (ABS) principle. Indomethacin, a weakly acidic and poorly water-soluble drug, was combined with the weak base tromethamine to induce strong acid-base interactions without salt formation. A 1:2 molar ratio of indomethacin to tromethamine was prepared and incorporated with poloxamer 407 and Kollidon® VA64, followed by hot melt extrusion at a significantly reduced temperature of 80 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry and PXRD confirmed complete amorphization. The ABS approach markedly reduced the melting point of indomethacin, enabling low-temperature processing while preventing thermal degradation. In vitro dissolution testing demonstrated rapid and sustained drug release across physiological pH conditions, validating ABS as an effective formulation strategy.