Antidepressants

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

These are often the first choice for treating depression due to their efficacy and relatively low side-effect profile. SSRIs block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin in the brain, making more serotonin available to improve neurotransmission. Typical examples include fluoxetine, sertraline and citalopram.

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

SNRIs increase the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake. These are often used when SSRIs are not effective. Typical examples include venlafaxine and duloxetine.

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

An older class of antidepressants, TCAs is effective but often causes more side effects. They work by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Typical examples include amitriptyline and nortriptyline.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

These inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters in the brain. MAOIs can be very effective but require strict dietary restrictions. Typical examples include phenelzine and tranylcypromine.

Atypical Antidepressants

This group includes various drugs that do not fit into the above categories but still work to improve mood through unique mechanisms. Typical examples include bupropion (dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) and Mirtazapine (noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant).